Fujitsu, Nagoya University, JAMSTEC and NICT develop technology to automatically optimize parameters for solar energetic particle simulations

Fujitsu, Nagoya University, JAMSTEC and NICT establish innovation to immediately enhance specifications for solar energetic particle simulations

Assisting safeguard astronauts from radiation dangers while promoting making use of satellite information and the production of future lunar markets

Kawasaki, Nagoya, Yokosuka and Tokyo, Japan, October 21, 2026 – (JCN Newswire) – Fujitsu Limited[1] (Fujitsu), Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System[2] (Nagoya University), the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology[3] (JAMSTEC), and the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology[4] (NICT), together with their research study partners in Japan and Portugal[5]today revealed the advancement of the world’s very first innovation[6] that utilizes observational information from 5 spacecraft to objectively, reproducibly and instantly identify the specifications of physical simulations utilized to compute the arrival of solar energetic particles (SEPs)[7]enhancing the simulations’ precision. SEPs can expose astronauts to radiation and trigger satellite breakdowns. The outcomes were released in the journal Scientific Reports[8]

Using this innovation to SEP arrival forecast is anticipated to help in reducing satellite failures and promote using satellite information. By decreasing radiation direct exposure dangers, it can likewise assist guarantee astronaut security and, in the future, add to the development of brand-new markets related to lunar base activities.
Since SEPs are electrically charged and spread as they take a trip along electromagnetic field lines extending from the Sun, anticipating their arrival is incredibly challenging. Previously, specialists have actually identified criterion worths through experience and experimentation so that simulations might replicate observations of previous occasions. This method, nevertheless, made it tough to objectively validate the worths and replicate the outcomes utilizing the very same treatment. The research study group for that reason automated specification setting utilizing black-box optimization[9]Particularly, the group was successful in immediately setting 19 specifications[10] for a physical simulation that computes SEP strengths and arrival times, decreasing inconsistencies in between the simulation and observations made by 5 spacecraft, consisting of BepiColombo, the Mercury expedition objective performed as a joint European-Japanese task. At the core of the innovation is the Fujitsu Solar Energetic particle Intelligent Tuning and Evaluation Network (SEITEN)[11]established by Fujitsu. SEITEN links SUSANOO[12]a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation[13] established by the Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research at Nagoya University and run by NICT, with SEPIF[14]a particle velocity and transportation design established by JAMSTEC. Utilizing black-box optimization, it immediately identifies criteria connected to particle velocity and transportation. Interplanetary scintillation (IPS)[12] observational information from Nagoya University’s Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research were likewise utilized to choose the MHD simulation settings.
Utilizing observational information from numerous spacecraft, the research study group automated the intricate job of setting specifications representing aspects such as the strength of particle scattering, while likewise making it possible for estimate of their spatial circulation[15]This represents an essential action towards the useful application of innovation for properly forecasting SEP strengths and arrival times.

Figure 1: Comparison in between standard specification decision and the brand-new innovation. This schematic views the Sun from above its north pole. The spiraling lines extending from the Sun represent electromagnetic field lines, and the signs reveal the positions of the 5 spacecraft on October 10, 2021(PSP: Parker Solar Probe; SolO: Solar Orbiter).[

Figure 2: Overview of the innovation. 2 physical simulations are connected, and mathematical optimization immediately and consistently updates criterion worths to lower inconsistencies in between the computations and observations from the 5 spacecraft.

Background

The sphere of human activity is broadening from Earth orbit to the lunar surface area. Japan’s Basic Plan on Space Policy, authorized by the Cabinet in June 2023, requires the phased advancement of power, interactions, placing and other systems to support sustainable human activity on the Moon and intends to develop brand-new markets. International efforts for human lunar activity, consisting of the Artemis program in which Japan gets involved, are likewise advancing. At the exact same time, radiation getting here from the Sun, consisting of SEPs, is among the elements that threaten the security of such area activities. Solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs)[16] can speed up particles such as protons and electrons to speeds reaching a number of 10s of percent of the speed of light and launch them into interplanetary area. The resulting SEPs can trigger devices failures and breakdowns in satellites and posture radiation direct exposure dangers to astronauts. As lunar activity ends up being more comprehensive, it is for that reason crucial to identify ahead of time when, where and how extremely SEPs will show up. One appealing method to forecast their arrival is through simulations that determine particle velocity and transportation based upon physical laws. These simulations consist of lots of worths, or totally free criteria, that can not be determined straight from observations. Agent examples consist of injection performance, the portion of particles ahead of a shock wave that go into the velocity procedure, and imply complimentary course, a procedure of the range particles take a trip along an electromagnetic field line before being spread. Even minor modifications in these worths can change anticipated particle strengths by orders of magnitude.
The criteria need to for that reason be gotten used to match past observational information. Traditional modification approaches, nevertheless, depend upon specialists’ experience and experimentation, making it hard to objectively validate the worths or recreate them utilizing the exact same treatment. In addition, the variety of specifications has actually frequently been kept little enough to permit manual change. As an outcome, worths that are believed to vary by electromagnetic field line might not be figured out for each field line from observational information. Trying to identify different worths for each line increases the variety of specifications. Just evaluating 10 worths for each of the 19 specifications attended to in this research study would produce 10 ^ 19 mixes. Because by hand looking for a mix that all at once matches observations from several far-off areas is unwise, a system was required to browse objectively and reproducibly based upon observational information.
Future Plans

Fujitsu, Nagoya University, JAMSTEC and NICT will even more advance this innovation to recognize more reputable forecast abilities. By making it possible for earlier evaluation of radiation direct exposure and satellite failure dangers, the companies intend to add to enhanced security in lunar markets such as building and transport, in addition to in sustainable human activities on the Moon.
Hallmark details

All item names and other appropriate nouns pointed out herein are hallmarks or signed up hallmarks of their particular owners.
[1] Fujitsu Limited:
Head workplace: Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. Agent Director and CEO: Takahito Tokita.
[2] Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System:
Area: Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. President: Naoshi Sugiyama. The research study was performed with the university’s Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research (ISEE).
[3] Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology:
Place: Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. President: Tomohiko Kawamura.
[4] National Institute of Information and Communications Technology:
Place: Koganei, Tokyo, Japan. President: Hideo Ohno.
[5] Research study individuals:
In addition to Fujitsu, Nagoya University’s ISEE, JAMSTEC and NICT, the research study included the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), the Laboratory of Instrumentation and Experimental Particle Physics (LIP) and the University of Lisbon, both in Portugal.
[6] Basis for the “world’s very first” claim (according to Fujitsu research study, since October 2026):
The novelty of this innovation depends on its synchronised satisfaction of the following 3 conditions:-LRB- 1) It utilizes synchronised observations from several spacecraft as restrictions, making it possible for the recognition of specifications that differ by instructions.( 2) It combines an MHD simulation with a particle velocity and transportation design, making it possible for the strength and shape of shocks produced by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) to be shown in particle velocity estimations.( 3) It instantly figures out specifications associated with particle velocity and transportation through black-box optimization, without manual intervention throughout the search.
[7] Solar energetic particles (SEPs):
High-energy protons and electrons sped up by solar flares and CMEs and launched into interplanetary area. This research study concentrated on protons.
[8] Paper info:
Hiroyuki Tako Ishikawa et al., “Automated Optimization of Solar Energetic Particle Acceleration and Transport Parameters Against Five-Spacecraft Observations of the 9 October 2021 Event,” Scientific Reports (2026 ). DOI: 10.1038/ s41598-026-70869-9. Released October 20, 2026.
[9] Black-box optimization:
An approach that looks for great services through duplicated trials and assessments without presuming the internal structure of the unbiased function. This innovation integrates broad expedition utilizing a quasi-Monte Carlo technique (Sobol’ series) with focused expedition utilizing TPE (Tree-structured Parzen Estimator), a type of Bayesian optimization. The open-source optimization structure Optuna was utilized for application.
[10] Automatic setting of 19 criteria:
The 19 criteria make up 7 mean totally free course worths, one for each electromagnetic field line, representing scattering strength, and 12 injection effectiveness worths, one for each instructions, representing the portion of particles that get in the velocity procedure at a shock wave. Since each trial needs a total, lengthy simulation, the variety of trials is restricted. The two-stage search explained in Note 9 narrowed the prospects through 1,000 broad trials and 480 focused trials in appealing areas, for an overall of 1,480 trials. Applied to an SEP occasion that happened on October 9, 2021 and was at the same time observed by 5 spacecraft, the approach broadly replicated the start, increase and peak of the particle strength at all 5 spacecraft. The treatment and assessment requirements were specified ahead of time, and independent repeatings validated the very same total pattern.
[11] Fujitsu Solar Energetic particle Intelligent Tuning and Evaluation Network (SEITEN):
The name SEITEN is stemmed from the Japanese word seiten, suggesting “clear sky.” It shows 2 goals: to clean up the habits of SEPs, and to assist protect the all-clear, the state in which they position no hazard.
[12] SUSANOO:
An acronym for Space-weather-forecast-Usable System Anchored by Numerical Operations and Observations. Established by Nagoya University’s ISEE, SUSANOO is an MHD simulation that computes the proliferation of solar wind and CMEs through interplanetary area. NICT runs the system and utilizes it for everyday arrival forecasts of solar-wind disruptions in area weather condition forecasting. Interplanetary scintillation (IPS) is the twinkling of radio waves from far-off radio sources, brought on by abnormalities in the density of the solar wind that spread the waves. The twinkling ends up being more powerful when a CME crosses the course of the radio waves. In this research study, numerous SUSANOO-CME simulations were carried out with differing CME magnetic flux. IPS observables manufactured from the simulation outcomes were compared to real IPS observations made by Nagoya University’s ISEE. The case most constant with IPS observations and another case most constant with the CME arrival time at Earth were utilized for SEP velocity and transportation computations.
[13] MHD simulation:
A computational approach that deals with plasma as a fluid and calculates its habits consisting of interactions with electromagnetic fields.
[14] SEPIF:
An acronym for Solar Energetic Particle Injection and Focused transportation design. Established by JAMSTEC, SEPIF determines particle velocity at shock waves and transportation along electromagnetic field lines.
[15] Estimate of the spatial circulation of specifications and the 5 spacecraft:
Since the shape and strength of a shock wave vary by instructions as seen from the Sun, the strength of particle scattering is likewise anticipated to differ by instructions. A single observation point can not differentiate these distinctions, so criteria formerly needed to be presumed spatially consistent. The brand-new innovation looked for services that at the same time pleased observations from 5 spacecraft situated 0.33 to 1.0 huge systems from the Sun (1 huge system, the typical Earth-Sun range, has to do with 150 million km) and spread out throughout roughly 50 degrees as seen from the Sun, enabling directional specification circulations to be approximated. The scientists likewise validated that presuming a consistent mean totally free course despite instructions increased mistake and avoided the synchronised recreation of observations from all 5 spacecraft. The 5 spacecraft, each geared up with energetic particle instruments, are BepiColombo (a joint ESA-JAXA objective to Mercury), Solar Orbiter (a joint ESA-NASA objective), Parker Solar Probe (a NASA objective), STEREO-A (a NASA objective) and SOHO (a joint ESA-NASA objective).
[16] Coronal mass ejection (CME):
A massive eruption of plasma from the solar environment. A quick CME can drive a shock wave at its cutting edge that speeds up particles.
About Fujitsu

Fujitsu’s function is to make the world more sustainable by developing rely on society through development. As the digital change partner of option for consumers around the world, our 100,000 workers work to fix a few of the best difficulties dealing with humankind. Our series of services and options make use of 5 essential innovations: AI, Computing, Networks, Data & & Security, and Converging Technologies, which we unite to provide sustainability change. Fujitsu Limited (TSE:6702) reported combined earnings of 3.5 trillion yen (US$ 23 billion) for the ended March 31, 2026 and stays the leading digital services business in Japan by market share. Learn more: global.fujitsu

About Nagoya University, Tokai National Higher Education and Research System

Boasting a complimentary and dynamic scholastic culture, Nagoya University has actually produced popular leaders in Japanese market through its internationally popular research study and accomplishments, which have actually resulted in the awarding of Nobel Prizes to 6 Nagoya University researchers.
About Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology

JAMSTEC is taken part in activities to contribute broadly to the enhancement of science and innovation, the advancement of scholastic research study, and the understanding of the Earth and life through ocean research study in Japan, a country of oceans.
JAMSTEC promotes research study and research studies on the understanding of the worldwide environment, the usage of ocean resources, and seismic and volcanic activities. In addition, we produce brand-new worth from the information acquired through our research study activities to add to the requirements of society and the economy.
About National Institute of Information and Communications Technology

The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) is Japan’s sole National Research and Development Agency concentrating on the field of info and interactions innovation and is charged with promoting the ICT sector in addition to research study and advancement in ICT, which drives financial development and produces a wealthy, safe and safe and secure society. To learn more, see: https://www.nict.go.jp/en/

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